Understanding and modeling the dynamics of pedestrian crowds can help with designing and increasing the safety of civil facilities. A key feature of a crowd is its intrinsic stochasticity, appearing even under very diluted conditions, due to the variability in individual behaviors. Individual stochasticity becomes even more important under densely crowded conditions, since it can be nonlinearly magnified and may lead to potentially dangerous collective behaviors.

The rapid development of cyber insurance market brings for- ward the question about the effect of cyber insurance on cyber security. Some researchers believe that the effect should be positive as organisa- tions will be forced to maintain a high level of security in order to pay lower premiums. On the other hand, other researchers conduct a theo- retical analysis and demonstrate that availability of cyber insurance may result in lower investments in security. In this paper we propose a mathematical analysis of a cyber-insurance model in a non-competitive market.

Well-balanced schemes, nowadays mostly developed for both hyperbolic and kinetic equations, are extended in order to handle linear parabolic equations, too. By considering the variational solution of the resulting stationary boundary-value problem, a simple criterion of uniqueness is singled out: the C1 regularity at all knots of the computational grid. Being easy to convert into a finite-difference scheme, a well-balanced discretization is deduced by defining the discrete time-derivative as the defect of C1 regularity at each node.

By applying Helmholtz decomposition, the unknowns of a linearized Euler system can be recast as solutions of uncoupled linearwave equations. Accordingly, the Kirchhoff expression of the exact solutions is recast as a time-marching, Lax-Wendroff type, numerical scheme for which consistency with one-dimensional upwinding is checked. This discretization, involving spherical means, is set up on a 2D uniform Cartesian grid, so that the resulting numerical fluxes can be shown to be conservative.

Given a population of N elements with their geographical positions and the genetic (or lexical) distances between couples of elements (inferred, for example, from lexical differences between dialects which are spoken in different towns or from genetic differences between animal populations living in different faunal areas) a very interesting problem is to reconstruct the geographical positions of individuals using only genetic/lexical distances.

We study spreading dynamics of a reaction diffusion process in a special class of heterogeneous graphs with Poissonian degree distribution and composed of both local and long range links. The behavior of the spreading dynamics on such networks are investigated by relating them to the topological features of graphs.

[object Object]Metals, extensively used in technology applications as well as in art metal works, have a chemical affinity for oxygen, water, sulphur and are particularly susceptible to electrochemical processes due to the environment. For this reason the monitoring of the effect of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, pollutant concentration) on their mechanical and physical properties are considered a primary necessity for metal conservation and preservation.