Background: The immune response to adenoviral COVID-19 vaccines is affected by the interval between doses. The optimal interval is unknown. Aim: We aim to explore in-silico the effect of the interval between vaccine administrations on immunogenicity and to analyze the contribution of pre-existing levels of antibodies, plasma cells, and memory B and T lymphocytes. Methods: We used a stochastic agent-based immune simulation platform to simulate two-dose and three-dose vaccination protocols with an adenoviral vaccine.

Controlled release of a drug contained in a spherical polymer capsule is of significant interest in many fields of medicine. There is growing interest in tailoring the erosion properties of the drug to help control and optimize the drug release process. Theoretical understanding of the nature of drug release from a bioerodible capsule is, therefore, important for designing effective drug delivery systems.

Targeted drug delivery systems represent a promising strategy to treat localised disease with minimum impact on the surrounding tissue. In particular, polymeric nanocontainers have attracted major interest because of their structural and morphological advantages and the variety of polymers that can be used, allowing the synthesis of materials capable of responding to the biochemical alterations of the environment.

Drug delivery carriers are considered an encouraging approach for the localized treatment of disease with minimum effect on the surrounding tissue. Particularly, layer-by-layer releasing particles have gained increasing interest for their ability to develop multifunctional systems able to control the release of one or more therapeutical drugs and biomolecules. Although experimental methods can offer the opportunity to establish cause and effect relationships, the data collection can be excessively expensive or/and time-consuming.

We study some numerical properties of a nonconvex variational problem which arises as the continuous limit of a discrete optimization method designed for the smoothing of images with preservation of discontinuities. The functional that has to be minimized fails to attain a minimum value. Instead, minimizing sequences develop gradient oscillations which allow them to reduce the value of the functional. The oscillations of the gradient exhibit analogies with microstructures in ordered materials. The pattern of the oscillations is analysed numerically by using discrete parametrized measures.

Abstract In this paper the Bi-Objective k-Length-Bounded Critical Disruption Path (BO-kLB-CDP) optimization problem is proposed, aimed at maximizing the interdiction effects provided on a network by removing a simple path connecting a given source and destination whose length does not exceed a certain threshold. The BO-kLB-CDP problem extends the Critical Disruption Path (CDP) problem introduced by Granata et al. in [Granata, D. and Steeger, G.

In this perspective we take stock of the current state of the art of computational models for droplets microfluidics and we suggest some strategies which may open the way to the full-scale simulation of microfluidic phenomena with interfaces, from near-contact interactions to the device operational lengths.

We report new dynamical modes in confined soft granular flows, such as stochastic jetting and dripping, with no counterpart in continuum viscous fluids. The new modes emerge as a result of the propagation of the chaotic behavior of individual grains - here, monodisperse emulsion droplets - to the level of the entire system as the emulsion is focused into a narrow orifice by an external viscous flow. We observe avalanching dynamics and the formation of remarkably stable jets - single-file granular chains - which occasionally break, resulting in a non-Gaussian distribution of cluster sizes.

Graph structures nowadays pervasive Big Data. It is often useful to regroup suchclusters data incan clusters, according distinctive node features, and use are a representative elementinfor each cluster. In many real-world cases, be identified by to a set of connected features, and share use a representative element for eachfunction, cluster.