Here we study theoretically the dynamics of a 2D and a 3D isotropic droplet in a nematic liquid crystal under a shear flow. We find a large repertoire of possible nonequilibrium steady states as a function of the shear rate and of the anchoring of the nematic director field at the droplet surface. We first discuss homeotropic anchoring. For weak anchoring, we recover the typical behaviour of a sheared isotropic droplet in a binary fluid, which rotates, stretches and can be broken by the applied flow.

We present a new image scaling method both for downscaling and upscaling, running with any scale factor or desired size. The resized image is achieved by sampling a bivariate polynomial which globally interpolates the data at the new scale. The method's particularities lay in both the sampling model and the interpolation polynomial we use. Rather than classical uniform grids, we consider an unusual sampling system based on Chebyshev zeros of the first kind.

Active systems, or active matter, are self-driven systems that live, or function, far from equilibrium - a paradigmatic example that we focus on here is provided by a suspension of self-motile particles. Active systems are far from equilibrium because their microscopic constituents constantly consume energy from the environment in order to do work, for instance to propel themselves. The non-equilibrium nature of active matter leads to a variety of non-trivial intriguing phenomena.

Objective There is increasing interest in simultaneous endovascular delivery of more than one drug from a drug-loaded stent into a diseased artery. There may be an opportunity to obtain a therapeutically desirable uptake profile of the two drugs over time by appropriate design of the initial drug distribution in the stent.

Dispersing colloidal particles into liquid crystals provides a promising avenue to build a novel class of materials, with potential applications, among others, as photonic crystals, biosensors, metamaterials and new generation liquid crystal devices. Understanding the physics and dynamical properties of such composite materials is then of high-technological relevance; it also provides a remarkable challenge from a fundamental science point of view due to the intricacies of the hydrodynamic equations governing their dynamical evolution.

The growth and evolution of microbial populations is often subjected to advection by fluid flows in spatially extended environments, with immediate consequences for questions of spatial population genetics in marine ecology, planktonic diversity and origin of life scenarios. Here, we review recent progress made in understanding this rich problem in the simplified setting of two competing genetic microbial strains subjected to fluid flows.

In liquid crystal devices it is important to understand the physics underlying their switching between different states, which is usually achieved by applying or removing an electric field. Flow is known to be a key determinant of the timescales and pathways of the switching kinetics. Incorporating hydrodynamic effects into theories for liquid crystal devices is therefore important; however this is also highly non-trivial, and typically requires the use of accurate numerical methods.

Objective The immune response arises from a fne balance of mechanisms that provide for surveillance, tolerance, and elimination of dangers. Sulfavant A (SULF A) is a sulfolipid with a promising adjuvant activity. Here we studied the mechanism of action of SULF A and addressed the identifcation of its molecular target in human dendritic cells (hDCs). Methods Adjuvant efect and immunological response to SULF A were assessed on DCs derived from human donors.

MIPAS is a Fourier Transform spectrometer that measured the atmospheric limb emission spectra in the middle infrared on board the ENVISAT satellite. These measurements allowed the global monitoring of the three-dimensional (latitude, longitude and altitude) distribution of temperature and of the concentrations of many species, during both day and night, for 10 years, from July 2002 to April 2012. MIPAS measurements allowed to study the atmosphere from the upper troposphere to the stratosphere and above, up to the thermosphere.

Tra novembre 2020 e giugno 2021, l'Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone" (IAC) ha realizzato un ciclo di seminari dedicati al rapporto tra Intelligenza Artificiale e Matematica, denominato AIM - Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics - Fundamentlas and beyond.