In this paper we analyze the performance of the three MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) observation modes that sound the Upper-Troposphere/Lower-Stratosphere (UT/LS) region. The two-dimensional (2-D) tomographic retrieval approach is assumed to derive the atmospheric field of geophysical parameters. For each observation mode we have calculated the 2-D distribution of the information load quantifier relative to the main MIPAS targets.

Distributions of heavy particles suspended in incompressible turbulent flows are investigated by means of high-resolution direct numerical simulations. It is shown that particles form fractal clusters in the dissipative range, with properties independent of the Reynolds number. Conversely, in the inertial range, the particle distribution is not scale-invariant. It is however shown that deviations from uniformity depends only on a rescaled contraction rate, and not on the local Stokes number given by dimensional analysis.

We present results from recent direct numerical simulations of heavy particle transport in homogeneous, isotropic, fully developed turbulence, with grid resolution up to 5123 and R? ? 185. By following the trajectories of millions of particles with different Stokes numbers, St ? [0.16 : 3.5], we are able to characterize in full detail the statistics of particle acceleration. We focus on the probability density function of the normalised acceleration a/arms and on the behaviour of their rootmean-squared acceleration arms as a function of both St and R?.

One of the greatest challenges in biomedicine is to get a unified view of observations made from the molecular up to the organism scale. Towards this goal, multiscale models have been highly instrumental in contexts such as the cardiovascular field, angiogenesis, neurosciences and tumour biology. More recently, such models are becoming an increasingly important resource to address immunological questions as well.

This paper presents an approach to model and simulate industrial plant accidents as well as the related emergency management; interoperable simulation is proposed as approach for applying High Level Architecture in this context. The authors are focusing their attention on the disaster simulation and its interaction with the emergency management.

Relative dispersion of tracers - i.e. very small, neutrally buoyant particles-, is particularly efficient in incompressible turbulent flows. Due to the non smooth behaviour of velocity differences in the inertial range, the separation distance between two trajectories, R(t)=X1(t)-X2(t) , grows as a power of time superdiffusively, R2(t)t3 , as first observed by L.F. Richardson [1]. This now well established result has no counterpart in the theory of heavy particle suspensions, namely finite-size particles with a mass density much larger that of the carrier fluid.