Functionally graded materials (FGMs), possessing properties that vary smoothly from one region to another, have been receiving increasing attention in recent years, particularly in the aerospace, automotive and biomedical sectors. However, they have yet to reach their full potential. In this paper, we explore the potential of FGMs in the context of drug delivery, where the unique material characteristics offer the potential of finetuning drug-release for the desired application.

A new fractional q-order variation of the RothC model for the dynamics of soil organic carbon is introduced. A computational method based on the discretization of the analytic solution along with the finite-difference technique are suggested and the stability results for the latter are given. The accuracy of the scheme, in terms of the temporal step size h, is confirmed through numerical testing of a constructed analytic solution. The effectiveness of the proposed discrete method is compared with that of the classical discrete RothC model.

Vitamin D has been proven to be a strong stimulator of mechanisms associated with the elimination of pathogens. Because of its recognized effectiveness against viral infections, during SARS-CoV-2 infection, the effects of Vitamin D supplementation have been the object of debate. This study aims to contribute to this debate by the means of a qualitative phenomenological mathematical model in which the role of Vitamin D and its interactions with the innate immune system are explicitly considered.

The PRISMA (PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa) hyperspectral satellite, launched by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) is presently operational on a global scale. The mission includes the hyperspectral imager PRISMA working in the 400-2500 nm spectral range with 234 bands and a panchromatic (PAN) camera (400-750 nm). In the context of this work, we intend to determine the two noise components (photon and thermal noise) and assess SNR with an image based approach.

Recent literature confirms the crucial influence of non-viscous deformations together with temperature impact on glacier and rock glacier flow numerical simulation. Along this line, supported by the successful test on a one-dimensional set-up developed by two of the author, we propose the numerical solution of a two-dimensional rock-glacier flow model based on an ice constitutive law of second grade differential type .

During melting under gravity in the presence of a horizontal thermal gradient, buoyancy-driven convection in the liquid phase affects significantly the evolution of the liquid-solid interface. Due to the obvious engineering interest in understanding and controlling melting processes, fluid dynamicists and applied mathematicians have spent many efforts to model and simulate them numerically. Their endeavors concentrated in the twenty-five years period between the publication of the paper by Brent, Voller & Reid (1988) and that by Mansutti & Bucchignani (2011).

We tackle the problem of coupling a spatiotemporal model for simulating the spread and control of an invasive alien species with data coming from image processing and expert knowledge. In this study, we implement a spatially explicit optimal control model based on a reaction-diffusion equation which includes an Holling II type functional response term for modeling the density control rate. The model takes into account the budget constraint related to the control program and searches for the optimal effort allocation for the minimization of the invasive alien species density.

The simulations for the inverse problem of radiative transfer, even if built with a correct Bayesian approach, do not represent the full source of errors present in the experimental data. We point out two categories of errors (atmospheric model errors and non-Gaussian instrumental errors due to the optics and hardware, that are not considered by standard methods. Moreover, we show cases taken from FORUM simulated radiances using an End to End simulator, where se show how the instrument reacts to a non homogeneousneous filed of view.