New remote sensing satellite sensors for the measurements of atmospheric radiation offer the advantage of very high spectral resolution and spectral and/or spatial and temporal coverage. The analysis of these measurements often requires a forward model (FM) for the simulation of the radiation collected by the sensor. The FM should model all the processes affecting the radiance, such as absorption and scattering by molecules and particles. Despite the advancement in sensor technology, the radiative transfer solvers are almost the same since several decades.

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is a limb-viewing infrared Fourier transform spectrometer that operated from 2002 to 2012 onboard the ENVISAT satellite. The maintenance and the upgrade of both L1 and L2 ESA processors are accomplished by the Quality Working Group, where a fruitful collaboration among Level 1, Level 2 and validation teams can be exploited. Recently both ESA L1 and L2 processors have been updated, as well as the spectroscopic database and some absorption cross-sections.

A recently proposed iterated alternating sequential (IAS) MEG inverse solver algorithm, based on the coupling of a hierarchical Bayesian model with computationally efficient Krylov subspace linear solver, has been shown to perform well for both superficial and deep brain sources. However, a systematic study of its ability to correctly identify active brain regions is still missing. We propose novel statistical protocols to quantify the performance of MEG inverse solvers, focusing in particular on how their accuracy and precision at identifying active brain regions.

Sleep Spindles are scalp EEG waveforms that are hallmarks of the N2 sleep stage and are believed to be generated through thalamo-cortical loops. In this study we set out to study the interaction between cortical and subcortical regions involved in spindle activity using non-invasive measurements.

The nucleotides ATP and ADP regulate many aspects of endothelial cell (EC) biology, including intracellular calcium concentrations, focal adhesion activation, cytoskeletal organization, and cellular motility. In vivo, ECs are constantly under flow, and the concentration of ATP/ADP on the EC surface is determined by the combined effects of nucleotide convective and diffusive transport as well as hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases on the EC surface. In addition, experiments have demonstrated that flow induces ATP release from the cells.

We propose a novel in silico model for computing drug release from multi-layer capsules. The diffusion problem in such heterogeneous layer-by-layer composite medium is described by a system of coupled partial differential equations, which we solve analytically using separation of variables. In addition to the conventional partitioning and mass transfer interlayer conditions, we consider a surface finite mass transfer resistance, which corresponds to the case of a coated capsule.