Recently, synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) has been recognized as a promising tool to generate high-resolution maps of atmospherical precipitable water vapor temporal changes (Delta PWV) from the propagation delay of radar signal in atmosphere. The relationship between Delta PWV and propagation delay mainly depends on the vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor pressure. In this letter, we present a methodology to study the spatial and temporal variations of the temperature's vertical profile and generate more accurate high-resolution Delta PWV maps by means of InSAR.

In document image analysis the task of segmenting images of ancient printed documents in distinct elements is known to be a very complex problem. In general, these documents are of low quality and can present skew and degradations because of old printing or ink stains. To face these problems we will show and discuss the validity of the Mumford and Shah variational method, based on the ? convergence theory, along with its numerical handling.

Results from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of particle relative dispersion in three-dimensional homogeneous and isotropic turbulence at Reynolds number Re?~300 are presented. We study point-like passive tracers and heavy particles, at Stokes number St=0.6,1 and 5. Particles are emitted from localised sources, in bunches of thousands, periodically in time, allowing an unprecedented statistical accuracy to be reached, with a total number of events for two-point observables of the order of 1011.

Variable annuities are investment products offered by Insurance Companies. They allow investors to place assets in mutual funds under the umbrella of a tax-deferred account. The account value of variable annuities fluctuates based on the performance of the selected mutual funds and therefore some risks are involved. Recently there has been a growing interest in using fuzzy numbers to deal with financial uncertainty.