Accurate quantitation of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) signals is an essential step before converting the estimated signal parameters, such as frequencies, damping factors, and amplitudes, into biochemical quantities (concentration, pH). Several subspace-based parameter estimators have been developed for this task, which are efficient and accurate time-domain algorithms. However, they suffer from a serious drawback: they allow only a limited inclusion of prior knowledge which is important for accuracy and resolution.

Expansions in noninteger bases often appear in number theory and probability theory, and they are closely connected to ergodic theory, measure theory and topology. For two-letter alphabets the golden ratio plays a special role: in smaller bases only trivial expansions are unique, whereas in greater bases there exist nontrivial unique expansions. In this paper we determine the corresponding critical bases for all three-letter alphabets and we establish the fractal nature of these bases in function of the alphabets.

Two T helper (Th) cell subsets, namely Th1 and Th2 cells, play an important role in inflammatory diseases. The two subsets are thought to counter-regulate each other, and alterations in their balance result in different diseases. This paradigm has been challenged by recent clinical and experimental data. Because of the large number of genes involved in regulating Th1 and Th2 cells, assessment of this paradigm by modeling or experiments is difficult. Novel algorithms based on formal methods now permit the analysis of large gene regulatory networks.

We state some pointwise estimates for the rate of weighted approximation of a continuous function on the semiaxis by polynomials. Furthermore we derive matching converse results and estimates involving the derivatives of the approximating polynomials. Using special weighted moduli of continuity, we bridge the gap between an old result by V.M. Fedorov based on the ordinary modulus of smoothness, and the recent norm estimates implicating the Ditzian-Toytik modulus of continuity.

We report a search for new gravitational physics phenomena based on Riemann-Cartan theory of general relativity including spacetime torsion. Starting from the parametrized torsion framework of Mao, Tegmark, Guth, and Cabi, we analyze the motion of test bodies in the presence of torsion, and, in particular, we compute the corrections to the perihelion advance and to the orbital geodetic precession of a satellite. We consider the motion of a test body in a spherically symmetric field, and the motion of a satellite in the gravitational field of the Sun and the Earth.

We consider an integro-differential model for evolutionary game theory which describes the evolution of a population adopting mixed strategies. Using a reformulation based on the first moments of the solution, we prove some analytical properties of the model and global estimates. The asymptotic behavior and the stability of solutions in the case of two strategies is analyzed in details. Numerical schemes for two and three strategies which are able to capture the correct equilibrium states are also proposed together with several numerical examples.

The flow in the stern region of a fully appended hull is analyzed by both computational and experimental fluid dynamics. The study is focused on the velocity field induced by the rotating propellers. Measurements have been performed by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) on the vertical midplane of the rudder and in two transversal planes behind the propeller and behind the rudder. In the numerical approach, the real geometry of the propeller has been considered.