We present a comparison of three methods for the solution of the magnetoencephalography inverse problem. The methods are: a linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer, an algorithm implementing multiple signal classification with recursively applied projection and a particle filter for Bayesian tracking. Synthetic data with neurophysiological significance are analyzed by the three methods to recover position, orientation and amplitude of the active sources. Finally, a real data set evoked by a simple auditory stimulus is considered.

Within the complex pathological picture associated to diabetes, high glucose (HG) has ". per se" effects on cells and tissues that involve epigenetic reprogramming of gene expression. In fetal tissues, epigenetic changes occur genome-wide and are believed to induce specific long term effects. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) obtained at delivery from gestational diabetic women were used to study the transcriptomic effects of chronic hyperglycemia in fetal vascular cells using Affymetrix microarrays.

We develop a mathematical model for a three-phase free boundary problem in one dimension that involves interactions between gas, water and ice. The dynamics are driven by melting of the ice layer, while the pressurized gas also dissolves within the meltwater. The model incorporates the Stefan condition at the water-ice interface along with Henry's law for dissolution of gas at the gas-water interface. We employ a quasi-steady approximation for the phase temperatures and then derive a series solution for the interface positions.

Background: Non-codingRNAs(ncRNAs)areemergingaskeyregulatorsofmanycellularprocessesinboth physiological and pathological states. Moreover, the constant discovery of new non-coding RNA species suggests that the study of their complex functions is still in its very early stages. This variegated class of RNA species encompasses the well-known microRNAs (miRNAs) and the most recently acknowledged long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Interestingly, in the last couple of years, a few studies have shown that some lncRNAs can act as miRNA sponges, i.e.

The world lines of null particles admit arbitrary parametrizations. In the presence of a family of observers one may introduce along a null world line an extension of the so-called Cattaneo's relative standard time parameter (valid for massive particles) which plays a special role. Another possibility is to use the coordinate time itself as a parameter. The relation between relative standard time and coordinate time allows for the introduction of an observer-dependent optical path and associated refraction index.

The optical medium analogy of a given spacetime was developed decades ago and has since then been widely applied to different gravitational contexts. Here we consider the case of a colliding gravitational wave spacetime, generalizing previous results concerning single gravitational pulses. Given the complexity of the nonlinear interaction of two gravitational waves in the framework of general relativity, typically leading to the formation of either horizons or singularities, the optical medium analogy proves helpful to simply capture some interesting effects of photon propagation.

The deviation from geodesic motion of the world line of an extended body endowed with multipolar structure up to the mass quadrupole moment is studied in the Kerr background according to the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon model. The properties of the quadrupole tensor are clarified by identifying the relevant components which enter the equations of motion, leading to the definition of an effective quadrupole tensor sharing its own algebraic symmetries, but also obeying those implied by the Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon model itself.

Some strong field effects on test particle motion associated with the propagation of a plane electromagnetic wave in the exact theory of general relativity are investigated. Two different profiles of the associated radiation flux are considered in comparison, corresponding to either constant or oscillating electric and magnetic fields with respect to a natural family of observers. These are the most common situations to be experimentally explored, and have a well known counterpart in the flat spacetime limit.